tHe CoMmOn wEaLtH oF pEnSyLvAnIa

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( /ˌpɛnsɨlˈveɪnjə/ (help·info)), often colloquially referred to as PA (its postal abbreviation which succeeds the archaic Penn. and Penna. as common abbreviations) by natives and Northeasterners, is a state located in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and a water border with Canada to the north, and New Jersey to the east. The state's most populated city is Philadelphia.

Pennsylvania has been known as the Keystone State since 1802,^[3] based in part upon its central location among the original Thirteen Colonies forming the United States. It was also a keystone state economically, having both the industry common to the North, making such wares as Conestoga wagons^[4] and rifles,^[5] and the agriculture common to the South, producing feed, fiber, food, and tobacco.^[6]

Another one of Pennsylvania's nicknames is the Quaker State; in colonial times, it was known officially as the Quaker Province,^[7] in recognition of Quaker^[8] William Penn's First Frame of Government^[9] constitution for Pennsylvania that guaranteed liberty of conscience. He knew of the hostility^[10] Quakers faced when they opposed religious ritual, taking oaths, violence, war and military service, and what they viewed as ostentatious frippery.^[11]

Pennsylvania has 51 miles (82 km)^[12] of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles (92 km)^[13] of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary.